Battery Management System (BMS) for Electric Vehicles 2023

Glossary

xEV classification and terms used in this report

About the authors

Report objectives

Scope of the report

Methodology and definitions

Identity card

Companies cited

Three-page summary

Executive summary

Context

• Functions of BMS
• Global vehicle electrification trends

Forecasts

• Global xEV forecast
• BMS for xEV forecast split by electrification level
• BMS for xEV forecast split by topology
• BMS for BEV forecast split by integration
• BMS key subsystem forecast (MCU, sensors)
• Si wafer for EV BMS

Market trends

• Overview of driving forces
• Legislation updates
• OEM strategies towards full electrification
• Automotive standards & qualification
• EU battery passpor

Supply chain

• Global BEV OEM
• Global PHEV OEM
• Global BMS supply chain
• Key BMS component supplier
• BMS suppliers by source
• Who-supply-to-who
• China focus

Technology trends

• BMS Topology
• Key BMS functions
  • SoX estimation & battery models
  • Balancing
• Key BMS components
  • AFE and processor
  • Sensors
    • Temperature sensors
    • Current sensors
    • Pressure sensors
    • Other sensors
  • Other aspects of BMS

• Emerging BMS technologies
  • Wireless BMS
  • Integration
  • New BMS features
  • Cloud BMS
• Other technologies
  • Battery pack trends
  • Battery pack recycling

Outlook

Yole Group – corporate presentation

Automotive BMS for EVs will hit $11.9B in 2028

Vehicle electrification is speeding up globally with major markets. The global passenger and light commercial vehicle market will reach 93M units in 2028, with 53.5% market share of xEV. BEV takes the lead with 22.1% CAGR between 2022 and 2028, while the xEV annual growth in the same period is 16.7%. Along with this huge growth, BMS for EVs, including BEV and PHEV, is in fast expansion, the total BMS market will increase from $5.0 B in 2022 to $11.9 B in 2028, with a CAGR of 15.6%. BEV BMS market share will grow continuously from 72% in 2022 to 77% in 2028, while PHEV share in decline. As of key components in BMS: AFE (Analog Front End) market will increase from $0.93 B in 2022 to $2.24 B in 2028, Micro-controller market will increase from $0.58 B in 2022 to $1.34 B in 2028 ,Various sensors (temperature, current, pressure, acceleration, etc.) market will increase from $1.46 B in 2022 to $3.50 B in 2028. There are strong regulatory trends in EV battery, requiring BMS to execute stringent monitoring, data logging, diagnostics over the lifetime of batteries.

BMS from battery pack suppliers is expanding market share

The xEV BMS market is shifting from independent BMS suppliers to a more complex battle ground with three major parities: Independent BMS suppliers: they are early players, with system integration capability, but mostly without upstream business of key components. Battery pack/cell suppliers: there is a strong increase in BMS business from battery pack suppliers, who have both battery cells and BMS in-house. This provides come comprehensive cell data to BMS, especially beneficiary to SoX algorithms. More importantly, the binding of BMS to battery packs has commercial advantages, resulting in more share for pack suppliersOEM in-house: in the transformation to electrification, automotive OEMs are also moving upstream, eg. manufacturing battery pack / e-axle in-house. This is also valid in BMS, as it is strongly linked to battery packs BMS specific key components, such as AFE (Analog Front End), micro-controllers, sensors, etc. have relatively stable supply chain.

BMS is in evolution to domain controller, and integrating new functions

Master-slave is the dominant topology in BEV, while centralized topology is popular in PHEV. There is an increasing acceptance of master-slave in PHEV as the battery pack sizes keep growing. Rather than a stand-alone sub-system, BMS is more and more integrated with other sub-systems in an electrified powertrain. Integration to battery pack, sometimes even with OBC and DC/DC, is popular. Quite some Chinese players are in favor of all-in-1 solution, evolving to powertrain domain controller including BMS. SoC is the basis of battery characterization. State-of-the-art is to use lumped RC model in combination with EKF (enhanced Kalman filter) to estimate SoC. Thanks to the progress in artificial intelligence, bigger data-based algorithms are emerging for several SoX estimation. This is strongly supported by the emergence of Cloud BMS, which is a supplementary to the existing BMS hardware on vehicles.  800V platform is getting fast adoption in BEVs, which requires more cells in series, thus more BMUs for monitoring. An emerging trend is to integration of various sensors, and/or sensors to other parts in a pack. Also, in BMS applications, new sensors, such as acceleration sensors, are considered for safety assurance. Wireless BMS has taken off with a 1st application with GM, and is now being accepted by more. It is particularly a suitable application for battery swapping and is also ideal for 2nd life usage of batteries by the end of life on EVs. There are also some emerging BMS technologies on the horizon with technological innovations. For example, BMS for AB battery, where a pack is built with cells with 2 or more different chemistries; integrated EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) functions allows better cell characterization and SoX estimation.

ADI, Amphenol, Allegro, Audi, BMW, Bosch, BYD, BYD Semiconductor, CATL, Chipways, Datang NXP Semiconductor, Denso, E-pow, Envision AESC, Ficosa, Ford, Forvia, G-pulse, Geely, General Motors, GigaDevice, Great Wall Motor, Guoxuan, Hitachi Astemo, Hofer, Honda, Huawei, Huber Automotive, Hyundai, Hyundai Mobis, Infineon, Jingwei Hirain, LeapMotors, LEM, LG Energy Solutions, LG Innotek, Ligoo, Littelfuse, Kia, Marelli, Marquardt, Melexis, Mercedes-Benz, Microchip, Microvast, MPS, Murata, Neusoft Reach, Nio, Nissan, NXP, Octopus.ai, onsemi, Preh, Renault, Renesas, REPT, Rohm, SAIC, Sensata, Sensirion, SEVB, SinoEV,  STMicroelectronics, Stellantis, Svolt, TE Connectivity, TDK, Tesla, TI, Toyota, UAES, Valeo, Vishy, Visteon, Vitesco, Volkswagen, Volvo, Vremt, and more

Key Features

• 2023-2028 forecast for EV BMS, with split into topology, integration level, and key components
• Detailed look into key component supply chain for BMS
• Review of SoC/SOH/SoP/SoE/SoS algorithm
• Basic and advanced balancing
• Progresses in various sensor technologies (current, temperature, pressure, gaseous)
• Integration of BMS with other systems / powertrain domain controllers
• Wireless BMS overview
• New BMS features

What's new?

• First coverage of automotive BMS, making a complete knowledge coverage on electrification value chain.

Product Objectives

Yole Intelligence has released this report, Battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles, to provide an overview on the market, supply chain and technological trends of automotive battery management system for battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEV).This is the first release of a report on this topic, reflecting the quick growing vehicle electrification market.The 2023 report’s main objectives are as follows:

• Closely examine the market trends in a global context
• Market forecasts of BMS and its key component till 2028
• A complete picture of the BMS supply chain, including OEMs, BMS suppliers, key component suppliers
• Detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art BMS technologies, and investigation of multiple emerging technologies, such as active balancing, wireless BMS, cloud BMS, BMS for hybrid battery pack, and integrated EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy)