Solid-State and Other Beyond Lithium Ion Battery 2024

Report’s objectives

• Offer in-depth insight into the key drivers and value propositions of beyond Li-ion batteries especially  semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion battery technologies, and comparisons with conventional Li-ion batteries.
• Provide an analysis of the advantages and remaining challenges in bringing these beyond Li-ion batteries to commercialization with a dedicated focus on different applications.
• 2019-2029 market forecast for semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion battery
• Identify the main trends in the semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion battery supply chain. 
• Provide a detailed analysis of the supply chain, including industrial players, partnerships, and business approaches. An additional focus is given on companies
• Comparison between 2021 and 2024 reports regarding solid-state battery companies' announcements (which company revived, and which company didn’t)
• Analyze the battery technology roadmaps of material suppliers, battery manufacturers and car manufacturers with the focus on solid-state batteries.
• Deliver an overview of different and manufacturing methods for solid-state battery cells.
• Provide insight into different technologies currently used in semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion battery technology trends. 
• Explain the impact of reducing Lithium –ion battery on the sodium-ion battery market

Key Features

• 2019-2029 market forecasts for semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion batteries
• Illustrate the related supply chain landscape
• Discuss market opportunities for players that supply materials, devices, or technology solutions to the Li-ion battery pack industry.
• Provide insight into different cell components currently used in semi-solid-state battery, solid-state battery and sodium-ion batteries technology trends.
• Explain the impact of reducing Lithium –ion battery cost on the sodium-ion battery market

What’s new? 

The focus of the solid-state battery 2021 report was only on solid-state batteries. However, beyond lithium-ion batteries 2024 report focuses on semi-solid-state, solid-state, and sodium-ion batteries.

Beyond Li-ion batteries will gain traction with a 15 % market share by 2029.

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) technology leads the way in battery technology. However, there is still potential for further performance improvements and cost reductions. As a result, beyond Li-ion, such as semi-solid-state, solid-state, and sodium-ion batteries are emerging with a focus on safety, higher energy density, and reduced costs. Among these, beyond Li-ion batteries, semi-solid-state, and sodium-ion batteries are already commercialized on a small scale, while solid-state batteries are still in the research and development (R&D) or prototyping stage, with commercialization continuously being delayed. Several solid-state battery manufacturers are optimistic about their development and have announced plans for gigawatt-hour (GWh) manufacturing capacity. Initial commercialization of solid-state batteries will be around 0.5 GWh by 2025. By 2029, the capacity will reach around 7 GWh. Solid-state batteries require further development for mass production. In this scenario, semi-solid-state batteries are an intermediate solution between lithium-ion and solid-state batteries. Many players, especially Chinese companies such as WeLion, CATL, and Gotion, are developing semi-solid-state batteries, with around 2 GWh already commercialized. The market for semi-solid-state batteries will reach around 400 GWh by 2029. Another beyond Li-ion battery is the sodium-ion battery, considered a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries. Some developers, such as HiNa and Farasis, have already commercialized their sodium-ion batteries (around 2 GWh by 2023); by 2029, the market of sodium-ion batteries will reach around 40 GWh. When comparing Li-ion batteries with beyond Li-ion batteries, the battery market is currently strongly dominated by Li-ion batteries, with over 99% market share. However, beyond Li-ion batteries will gain traction in the coming years with around 15 % market share by 2029. 

Similar to the development of Li-ion batteries, China has emerged as a significant player in the beyond Li-ion batteries

Today, the Li-ion battery is the most powerful and is used in many applications. Among beyond Li-ion batteries, semi-solid-state, solid-state, and sodium-ion batteries are the most players’ focus. In the case of solid-state batteries,  currently, Several companies in the USA (e.g. Quantum Scape, Solid Power, SES, Ampecera), China (Svolt), Japan (e.g., Toyota, Nissan), South Korea (Samsung SDI, LG Energy Solution, SK ON), and Europe (e.g., Renault, Mercedes), are focusing on developing these batteries. China has become a significant player in the case of semi-solid-state battery and sodium-ion battery development. Many major battery manufacturers, such as CATL, BYD, Gotion, and the state-owned automakers FAW Group and SAIC Group, are developing semi-solid-state batteries. Apart from Chinese players, some players in the USA are also developing semi-solid-state batteries, such as Factorial and Solidion. Similarly, China currently leads the market in the development of sodium-ion batteries. Many players, such as HiNa, Zoolnasm, and Transimage, are developing these batteries. In addition to China, the USA (e.g., Natron Energy, Peak Energy, Nadion Energy)  and Europe (e.g., Faradion, Altris) also concentrate on sodium-ion battery development. However, compared to Chinese developers, the companies in these regions are either startups or very small with lower investment, making it significantly more challenging for them to scale up production. For example, a Swedish Li-ion battery developer Northvolt announced for sodium-ion battery development in 2023 However, the company is currently facing challenges with funds, order delays, and production scaling problems even for Li-ion batteries. These issues led BMW to retract a $2 billion order in June 2024. Semi-solid-state and sodium-ion batteries can generally be integrated into existing lithium-ion production lines as drop-in technology with some modifications, established companies have a considerable advantage over new start-ups.

The above trend shows that, similar to Li-ion battery development, China has become a significant player in beyond Li-ion battery development for various reasons. The main reason is that the Chinese government heavily invests in clean energy technologies, including advanced battery systems, to reduce carbon emissions and promote electric vehicles (EVs). Many Chinese battery players have high research and development and mass production capabilities, such as CATL BYD, good EV market growth, partnerships and collaborations, and stricter environmental regulations.

One battery cannot meet all requirements. Depending on the application, a solid-state battery or a sodium ion battery can be chosen

Solid-state, semi-solid-state, and sodium-ion batteries are emerging as an alternative to Li-ion batteries, with technological improvements that improve safety, higher energy density, and cost reduction. Although one battery can not fulfill all the requirements, either a solid-state battery or sodium-ion battery can be selected depending on the application requirement; for example, for applications where lower cost is a must, like battery energy storage systems, sodium-ion batteries can be used, and for high performance and high safety requirements, such as  EVS, space, and aerospace, the solid-state battery can be selected. Solid-state batteries have several advantages over conventional Li-ion batteries, such as high energy density (more than 500Wh/kg), safety, wide operating temperature range (−30°C to 100 °C), etc. However, solid-state battery development is associated with many challenges, such as low ionic conductivity, poor wettability of solid electrolytes, high operating temperature, etc.

As solid-state batteries are associated with many challenges, many players are working on semi-solid-state batteries. A semi-solid battery has almost the same anode and cathodes as solid-state batteries; however, its electrolyte typically consists of a solid, conductive material suspended in a liquid electrolyte. This arrangement supports much more efficient ion conductivity. Additionally, semi-solid electrolytes are less volatile than liquid electrolytes and are, therefore, less prone to catching fire.

Sodium-ion batteries are a cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries, using sodium instead of lithium. However, these batteries have low energy density (around 140-160 Wh/kg). As sodium ion is bigger than lithium ion, developing suitable electrolytes for the movement of sodium ions is challenging. Although sodium-ion batteries are cheaper than Li-ion batteries, lithium and Li-ion battery costs are also dropping. Therefore, the cost of sodium-ion batteries must be reduced significantly in the coming years to establish a competitive position in the market. Otherwise, with marginally more affordable than Li-ion batteries and having lower energy density, sodium-ion batteries can be less attractive for system integrators.

·       Glossary

·       Report objectives

·       About the author

·       Companies cited

·       Identity card

·       Methodology and definitions

·       Three-page summary

·       Executive summary

·       Context

·       Market trends

·       Market forecasts                       

o   2019-2029 Li-ion battery pack demand for XEV (in GWh)

o   2019 – 2029 Li-ion battery market value for XEV (in $B)

o   2019-2029 semi-solid-state battery market forecast in GWh

o   2019 - 2029 semi-solid-state battery market value ($B)

o   2019-2029 semi-solid-state battery market forecast in GWh- split by electrolyte types; split by application types

o   2019-2029 solid-state battery market forecast in GWh

o   2019-2029 solid-state battery market forecast in GWh- split by electrolyte types; split by application types

o   2019-2029 sodium-ion  battery market forecast in GWh

o   2019 - 2029 sodium-ion battery market value ($B)

o   2019-2029 odium-ion battery market forecast in GWh- split by electrolyte types; split by application types

o   2019 - 2029 comparison of Li-ion battery demand with beyond Li-ion batteries demand

·       Market share & supply chain

o   Li-ion battery supply chain

o   Semi-solid-state and solid-state batteries supply chain

§  Semi-Solid-state battery developers

§  Semi-solid-state battery companies – technology efforts

§  Energy density in Wh/kg for various semi-solid-state battery developers

§  Why is China emerging as a critical player in the semi-solid-state battery market?

·       Solid-state battery electrolyte developer

·       Solid-state battery electrolyte developer-established battery companies vs. startups

§  Solid-state electrolyte developers

§  solid-state battery companies – technology efforts

§  Specific energy in Wh/kg for various solid-state battery developers

§  Solid-state battery / electrolyte developers – split by electrolyte types

§  Semi-solid and solid-state battery developers – split by anode types

o   Sodium ion battery supply chain

§  Sodium-ion battery – history

§  Sodium ion battery developers

·       Sodium ion battery developers -established battery companies vs. startups

·       Sodium-ion battery – cathode market share

·       Sodium-ion battery – anode materials

·       General properties of sodium-ion batteries – various manufacturers

·       Energy density (in Wh/kg) of various sodium-ion battery cathodes

·       Cycle life vs. energy density properties of various sodium-ion batteries
Beyond Li-ion batteries -planned manufacturing capacity

·       Beyond Li-ion batteries -planned manufacturing capacity

·       Beyond Li-ion battery – companies’ efforts, partnerships, and news

·       Beyond Li-ion battery – commercialization and company roadmaps

·       Comparison between 2021 and 2024 reports (which companies revived, and which ones didn’t)

·       Beyond Li-ion battery pack – technology trends

·       Li-ion Battery technology

·       Semi-solid-state and solid-state battery

·       Why solid-state batteries?

·       Cell structure Comparison – conventional Li-ion battery vs. solid-state Li-ion battery

·       How does a solid-state battery work?

·       Semi-solid vs solid-state battery

§  Solid-State Battery – main Components

§  Solid-state battery – advantages and disadvantages

o   Sodium-ion battery   

§  Comparison of conventional Li-ion battery and sodium-ion battery cell structures

§  Sodium-ion battery – main components

§  Why are sodium-ion batteries still not the best option for eVs?

o   Lithium-ion vs. sodium-ion batteries – cost analysis

§  Abundant elements in earth’s crust, in ppm

§  Lithium price is decreasing

§  Cost breakdown of lithium-ion vs. sodium-ion batteries

§  Will sodium-ion batteries become less attractive when lithium’s price drops?

·       Outlook

o   Conclusion

o   What should we look for?

o   Related products

Ampcera, altris, Airbus, BYD, BMW, Blue Solutions, Blue Current, CATL, Clarios, Doctors (Tianjin) Energy Technology, Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Farasis, Factorial, Faradion, FinDream, Fujian Super Power New Energy, Ford, Foxconn, Gotion, Ganfeng Lithium, GM Motors, Great Power, Hyundai, Hina Battery, Honda, Huaihai, Idemitsu,  Ionic, JAC Motors, JMEV, LG Energy Solution, KPIT, LionVolt, LEAD, Mercedes, MG Motors, Nadion Energy, Nissan, Nio, Natron Energy, Natrion, Nuvvon, ProLoGium, Panasonic, Polarium, PowerCo, PEAK Energy, QuantumScape, Qingtao Development, Renault,  Reliance Industries, Solid Power, Stellantis, Solidion, Stora Enso, SAIC Motor, SES, Svolt, Samsung SDI, SK ON, Toyota, Tiamat, Tialg, Transimage Sodium-ion Battery, Talent New Energy, Volkswagen, Welion New Energy, Unigrid, Zoolnasm, and more….